Showing posts with label Abu Ghraib. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Abu Ghraib. Show all posts

Thursday, August 07, 2008

A Profoundly Diseased Tree

There are two ways to think about the Bush administration's willingness to torture prisoners in the wake of 9/11. One is the story we were sold after we learned about Abu Ghraib: A few "bad apples" at the lowest levels of the military went a little crazy and tortured some prisoners on their own initiative, for which (some) were duly punished. The second is confirmed in a new and devastating piece of investigating by The New Yorker's Jane Mayer: A systematic and rigorous program of highly abusive interrogation was approved at the highest levels of government at so-called "black sites" around the world. This second version of the national torture story reveals not so much the bad apples as a profoundly diseased tree.

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Friday, May 11, 2007

The Real Evil-Doers Walk Free

Philip Zimbardo's book The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil confirmed my belief that the wrong people were punished for the torture that took place at Abu Ghraib. The people punished were set-up to take the fall while the truly guilty people will never face the consequences of their actions.

There is no doubt in my mind that a certain section of our government understood the psychology of the famous “Stanford Prison Experiment” Zimbardo started in 1971. They knew that "powerful situational forces" could make people behave in ways they would not ordinarily. Especially when those people are very young soldiers trained to "fall in" and not question authority.

On top of the training many of these soldiers received, the part of the brain, called the pre-frontal cortex, is not fully developed until a person reaches their early 20s. This section of the brain responsible for "executive functions" allows us to prioritize our thinking, imagine, think in the abstract, plan, anticipate consequences, and control impulses. Combine the aforementioned with the process of group dynamics, which can overwhelm any individual, forcing them to compromise their values, morals and beliefs for the sake of the group...it's a formula guaranteed to produce torture-ready soldiers. How can we expect young men and women to fight against this powerful psychological force when most adults with fully developed brains will succumb?

“The evidence now is strong that the brain does not cease to mature until the early 20s in those relevant parts that govern impulsivity, judgment, planning for the future, foresight of consequences, and other characteristics that make people morally culpable….”

-- Ruben Gur, MD, PhD
It is true that all our soldiers "volunteered" for military service; and while a few signed up only to hurt or kill others, most signed up after being deceived by recruiters or because their parents and school thought that the military would straighten them out, or because this is their chance to become the "GI Joe" they played with just a few short years ago.

The people that should be held fully accountable -- unlike our young soldiers -- have brains that are fully mature, have the life experience to draw from, are highly educated, and lead the wealthiest and most powerful nation on Earth. There is no excuse for these people because they know exactly what they are doing.

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Thursday, December 21, 2006

More Than a Few Bad Apples.

Published: December 20, 2006

Ever since the world learned of the lawless state of American military prisons in Iraq, the administration has hidden behind the claim that only a few bad apples were brutalizing prisoners. President Bush also has dodged the full force of public outrage because the victims were foreigners, mostly Muslims, captured in what he has painted as a war against Islamic terrorists bent on destroying America.

This week, The Times published two articles that reminded us again that the American military prisons are profoundly and systemically broken and that no one is safe from the summary judgment and harsh treatment institutionalized by the White House and the Pentagon after 9/11.

On Monday, Michael Moss wrote about a U.S. contractor who was swept up in a military raid and dumped into a system where everyone is presumed guilty and denied any chance to prove otherwise.

Donald Vance, a 29-year-old Navy veteran from Chicago, was a whistle-blower who prompted the raid by tipping off the F.B.I. to suspicious activity at the company where he worked, including possible weapons trafficking. He was arrested and held for 97 days — shackled and blindfolded, prevented from sleeping by blaring music and round-the-clock lights. In other words, he was subjected to the same mistreatment that thousands of non-Americans have been subjected to since the 2003 invasion.

Even after the military learned who Mr. Vance was, they continued to hold him in these abusive conditions for weeks more. He was not allowed to defend himself at the Potemkin hearing held to justify his detention. And that was special treatment. As an American citizen, he was at least allowed to attend his hearing. An Iraqi, or an Afghani, or any other foreigner, would have been barred from the room.

This is not the handiwork of a few out-of-control sadists at Abu Ghraib. This is a system that was created and operated outside American law and American standards of decency. Except for the few low-ranking soldiers periodically punished for abusing prisoners, it is a system without any accountability.

Yesterday, David Johnston reported that nearly 20 cases in which civilian contractors were accused of abusing detainees have been sent to the Justice Department. So far, the record is perfect: not a single indictment.

Administration officials said that prosecutors were hobbled by a lack of evidence and witnesses, or that the military’s cases were simply shoddy. This sounds like another excuse from an administration that has papered over prisoner abuse and denied there is any connection between Mr. Bush’s decision to flout the Geneva Conventions and the repeated cases of abuse and torture. We hope the new Congress will be more aggressive on this issue than the last one, which was more bent on preserving the Republican majority than preserving American values and rights. The lawless nature of Mr. Bush’s war on terror has already cost the nation dearly in terms of global prestige, while increasing the risks facing every American serving in the military.

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